The umiaq (or umiak in some dialects) is a remarkable traditional Inuit vessel, an open boat typically larger than a kayak, designed for transporting people, goods, and for hunting large marine animals such as whales. Built with a frame of wood or bone and covered in tightly stretched animal skins, usually walrus or seal, it forms a strong and waterproof hull. Measuring between 20 and 30 feet in length and 6 to 10 feet in width, the umiak could carry several passengers and heavy cargo.

It was often rowed by women using broad paddles, while men steered or hunted. In Inuktitut, the word "umiak" roughly translates to "women’s boat," reflecting its communal use in contrast to the smaller, hunting-focused kayak used by men. Though small model umiaks were once produced for trade, they have become exceptionally rare over time. Most have not survived due to the fragile nature of their skin coverings, and the few that remain are typically found in museum collections.